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Anatomy & Physiology
Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology
Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology
Shier • 15th Edition • 978-1260092820
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Ch. 1 - Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
Cells to Organ Systems
Homeostasis and Feedback Control
Ch. 2 - The Chemical Basis of Life
Fundamental Chemistry
Chemical Reactions, Le Chatelier's Principle and Binding Equilibria
Solutions and Solubility
Acid-Base Chemistry
Carbohydrates and Lipids
Proteins I: Protein Structure
Proteins II: Ligand Binding and Regulation of Function
Ch. 3 - Cells
The Plasma Membrane
Review of Physiologically-Relevant Organelles
Diffusion
Osmosis: Osmolarity, Osmotic Pressure and Tonicity
Protein-Mediated Transport
Vesicle-Based Transport: Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Ch. 4 - Cellular Metabolism
Thermodynamics for Physiology: The Energetics of (Bio)Chemical Reactions
Enzymes and their Regulation
Metabolism I: Overview
Metabolism II: Glycolysis
Metabolism III: Aerobic Metabolism
Metabolism IV: Protein and Lipid Catabolism
Metabolism V: Anabolism
Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression
Ch. 5 - Tissues
Crossing an Epithelial Layer: The Trans- and Paracellular Pathway
Cell-to-Cell Connections and Messages
Body Fluid Compartments
Epithelial Tissues
Classifying Epithelial Tissues
Simple Epithelial Tissues
Pseudostratified Epithelial Tissues
Stratified Epithelial Tissues
Transitional Epithelial Tissues
Exocrine Gland Classifications
Connective Tissues
Embryonic Connective Tissue
Non-Embryonic Connective Tissue
Proper Loose Connective Tissue
Proper Dense Connective Tissue
Supporting Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Development and Modification of Tissue
Membranes
Ch. 6 - Integumentary System
Integumentary System Overview
Epidermal Layers
Epidermal Variations
Dermal Layers
Subcutaneous Layer
Nails
Hair
Integumentary Glands
Ch. 7 - Skeletal System
Bone Classifications
Anatomy of Bones
Bone Marrow
Bone Cells
Bone Matrix
Bone Formation and Resorption
Compact Bone
Spongy Bone
Overview of Bone Formation
Endochondral Ossification
Bone Intramembraneous Ossification
Bone Remodeling
Bone Fractures and Repair
Bone Markings
Overview of the Skull
Frontal Bone
Occipital Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Zygomatic Bone
Lacrimal Bone
Vomer Bone
Inferior Nasal Concha
Palatine Bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Cranial Fossae
Skull Sutures
Anterior View of Skull
Posterior View of Skull
Superior View of Skull
Lateral View of Skull
Sagittal Sectional View of Skull
Inferior View of Skull
Associated Skull Bones
Vertebrae Types
Spinal Curvatures
Vertebrae Anatomy
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
Sacrum and Coccyx
Thoracic Cage
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Sinuses
Pectoral Girdle
Upper Limb - Humerus
Upper Limb - Radius and Ulna
Wrist and Hand Bones
Pelvic Girdle
Lower Limb - Femur
Lower Limb - Tibia and Fibula
Ankle Bones
Foot Arches
Ch. 8 - Joints of the Skeletal System
Joint Classifications
Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints
Levers
Synovial Joints and Movement
Temporomandibular Joint
Shoulder Joint
Elbow Joint
Hip Joint
Knee Joint
Ankle Joint
Ch. 9 - Muscular System
Skeletal Muscle Cellular Anatomy-- Muscles to Sarcomeres
Skeletal Muscle Contraction I: The Cellular Level
Skeletal Muscle Contraction II: Tension and Length-Tension Curves
Skeletal Muscle Contraction III: Summation and Tetanus
Skeletal Muscle Contraction IV: Isotonic vs. Isometric Contractions
Energy Requirements of Skeletal Muscle-- Fiber Types and Fatigue
Neural Control of Skeletal Muscle--Skeletal Muscle Reflexes
Smooth Muscle
Muscle Origin and Insertion
Organization of Skeletal Fibers
Actions of Skeletal Muscles
Naming of Skeletal Muscles
Facial Expression Muscles
Eye muscles
Oral Cavity and Pharynx Muscles
Anterior Neck and Hyoid Muscles
Movement of Head and Neck Muscles
Vertebral Column Muscles
Respiration Muscles
Abdominal Muscles
Pelvic Floor Muscles
Pectoral Girdle Muscles
Glenohumeral Joint Muscles
Elbow Joint Muscles
Extrinsic Wrist and Hand Muscles
Intrinsic Hand Muscles
Hip Joint Muscles
Knee Joint Muscles
Extrinsic Ankle and Foot Muscles
Intrinsic Foot Muscles
Review of Muscle Movement
Ch. 10 - Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function
Cells of the Nervous System
Electrical Signals in Neurons I: Membrane Potential Vocabulary
Electrical Signals in Neurons II: Graded vs. Action Potentials
Electrical Signals in Neurons III: Action Potentials
Action Potential Propagation
The Refractory Period
Neuronal Cell-to-Cell Communication: Synaptic Transmission
Synaptic Integration I: Post-Synaptic Potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs)
Synaptic Integration II: Summation
Common Neurotransmitters and Receptors
Nervous System Organization
Neuron Structure
Neuron Classification
Nerves
Glial Cells
Myelination
The Resting Membrane Potential I: Forces and Ohm's Law
The Resting Membrane Potential II: Development of a Membrane Potential
The Resting Membrane Potential III: The Nernst and Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equations
Ch. 11 - Nervous System II: Divisions of the Nervous System
The Brain-- Anatomy and Function
The Spinal Cord
Spinal Nerves-- Dermatomes and Myotomes
Spinal Tracts-- Introduction to Ascending and Descending Pathways
Brain Development
Gray and White Matter
Cranial Meninges
Cerebrum Hemispheres
Cerebrum Lateralization
Cerebrum Lobes
Cerebrum Conncetions
Cerebrum Functional Areas
Cerebrum Nuclei
Brain Ventricles
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Blood Brain Barrier
Diencephalon Epithalmus
Diencephalon Thalamus
Diencephalon Hypothalamus
Brainstem Midbrain
Brainstem Pons
Brainstem Medulla Oblongata
Cerebelllum
Limbic System
Reticular Formation
Cranial Nerves
Olfactory Nerve (CN I)
Optic Nerve (CN II)
Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)
Trigeminial Nerve (CN V)
Abducens Nerve (CN VI)
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
Review of Cranial Nerves
Spinal Cord Anatomy and Spinal Nerves
Spinal Cord Protection
Spinal Cord Gray and White Matter
Ascending Sensory Pathways
Descending Sensory Pathways
Cervical Plexus
Brachial Plexus
Intercostal Nerves
Lumbar Plexus
Sacral Plexus
Autonomic Nervous System: Divisions and Structure
Overview of Reflexes
Types of Reflexes
Spinal Reflexes
Parasympathetic Division
Sympathetic Division
Sympathetic Pathways
Autonomic Plexuses
Ch. 12 - Nervous System III: Senses
General Principles of Sensation and Sensory Receptors
The Somatic Senses
Chemoreception I: Smell
Chemoreception II: Taste
The Ear: Hearing
The Ear: Equilibrium
The Eye and Vision
Around the Eye
Eye Structure: Tunics
Eye Structure: Retina
Eye Structure: Lens
Eye Accessory Structures
Ch. 13 - The Endocrine System
Basics of Hormone Function
Hormone Classification and Mechanism of Action
The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
The Adrenal Glands
The Endocrine Pancreas
The Thyroid Gland
The Parathyroid Gland
Pituitary Gland Anatomy
Thyroid Gland Anatomy
Adrenal Gland Anatomy
Pineal Gland Anatomy
Parathyroid Gland Anatomy
Thymus Anatomy
Ch. 14 - Blood
Blood
Hemostasis-- The Clotting Cascade
Blood Flow: Ohm's and Poiseuille's Laws
Ch. 15 - Cardiovascular System
Overview of the Cardiovascular System
Heart Anatomy
Cardiac Muscle Action Potentials
Cardiac Muscle Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Cardiac Electrophysiology I: Nodal Fibers, Pacemaker Potentials, and Automaticity
Cardiac Electrophysiology II: Electrical Conduction Pathways
Electrocardiography I: Electrodes, Currents, and Leads
Electrocardiography II: Interpreting an EKG
The Cardiac Cycle I: Understanding the Valves
The Cardiac Cycle II: Systole and Diastole
The Cardiac Cycle III: Volumes in the Left Ventricle
The Cardiac Cycle IV: Heart Sounds
The Cardiac Cycle V: The Wiggers Diagram
The Cardiac Cycle VI: The Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loop
Cardiac Output I: Definitions
Cardiac Output II: The Frank-Starling Law of the Heart
Cardiac Output III: Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Function
Detailed Heart Anatomy
Coronary Arteries
Coronary Veins
Development of the Heart
The Blood Vessels
Structure of Vessels
Structure of Arteries
Structure of Capillaries
Structure of Veins
Blood Vessel Pathways
Blood Pressure: Definitions and Measurement
Flow Around the Circulatory Loop
Capillary Exchange I: Diffusion
Capillary Exchange II: Bulk Flow and the Starling Equation of Ultrafiltration
Short-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure--the Baroreceptor Reflexes
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure I: Vasopressin/Anti-Diuretic Hormone
Ch. 16 - Lymphatic System and Immunity
Lymphatic Capillaries
Lymphatic Vessels
Primary Lymphatic Structures
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Nodules MALT and Tonsils
Pathogens of the Human Body
Anatomy of the Immune "System"
Cells of the Immune System
Innate Immunity
Acquired Immunity I: Introduction to Lymphocytes
Acquired Immunity II: B Lymphocytes and Antibodies
Acquired Immunity III: The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen Presentation
Acquired Immunity IV: T Lymphocytes and Cell-Mediated Responses
Ch. 17 - Digestive System
Anatomy and Function of the Digestive System
The Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins
From Mouth to Stomach
The Stomach
The Digestive Accessory Organs I: The Liver and Gall Bladder
The Digestive Accessory Organs II: The Exocrine Pancreas
The Small Intestine I : Arrival at the Duodenum and Initiation of Pancreas/Gall Bladder Secretion
The Small Intestine II: Digestion and Absorption of the Three Macronutrients
The Small Intestine III: Motility
The Large Intestine
Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function
GI Wall
Oral Cavity
Pharynx and Esophagus
Stomach Detailed Anatomy
Small Intestine Anatomy
Large Intestine Anatomy
Liver Anatomy
Pancreas Anatomy
Gallbladder Anatomy
Ch. 18 - Metabolism and Nutrition
Review of Metabolism-- Catabolic and Anabolic Processes
Measuring Metabolism-- Basal Metabolic Rate and Respiratory Quotient
Fed-State Metabolism and the Effects of Insulin
Fasted-State Metabolism and the Effects of Glucagon
Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Appetite and Satiety
Body Temperature Regulation
Calcium (and Phosphate) Regulation I-- Bone Growth and Remodeling
Calcium (and Phosphate) Regulation II-- Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D, and Calcitonin
Ch. 19 - Respiratory System
Anatomy and Organization of the Respiratory System
Properties of the Lungs-- Compliance, Elasticity, Resistance, and Surface Tension
Ventilation I: Boyle's Law
Ventilation II: Mechanics of Inspiration and Expiration
Lung Spirometry: Lung Volumes and Capacities
Measuring Pressure of a Mixture of Gases-- Partial Pressures and Dalton's Law
Total vs. Alveolar Ventilation and the Anatomic Dead Space
Gas Exchange I: Diffusion in the Alveoli
Gas Exchange II: Ventilation and Perfusion and V/Q Ratios
Gas Transport in the Blood I: Oxygen and Hemoglobin Binding
Gas Transport in the Blood II: Carbon Dioxide
Regulation of Ventilation I: Neural Control of Respiratory Muscles
Regulation of Ventilation II: Chemoreceptors and Effects of CO2, pH, O2
Nasal Cavity Anatomy
Pharynx Anatomy
Larynx Anatomy
Trachea Anatomy
Bronchial Tree Anatomy
Respiratory Zone
Lung Anatomy
Ch. 20 - Urinary System
Anatomy of the Urinary System
Basic Renal Processes
The Glomerulus
Reabsorption I: General Concepts of Reabsorption in the Kidney
Reabsorption II: Reabsorption (and Secretion) in the Proximal Tubule
Reabsorption III: The Loop of Henle
Reabsorption IV: The Distal Tubule
Reabsorption V: The Collecting Duct and Effects of ADH and Aldosterone
Clearance-- Measuring Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Plasma Flow
Kidney Anatomy
Flow Into and Out of the Kidney
Urinary Tract
Ch. 21 - Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Body Fluid Compartments
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure I: Vasopressin/Anti-Diuretic Hormone
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure II: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure II: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Pulmonary Circulation
Blood Flow In and Out of the Heart
Head and Neck Circulation
Thoracic and Abdominal Circulation
Gastrointestional Circulation
Posterior Abdominal Circulation
Upper Limb Circulation
Lower Limb Circulation
Disturbing Blood pH-- Sources of Acid and Base and Acidosis vs. Alkalosis
Calculating Blood pH-- The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
Causes of pH Disturbances-- Metabolic vs. Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Controlling Blood pH I: Respiratory Compensation
Controlling Blood pH II: Renal Compensation in the Proximal Tubule and Collecting Duct
Ch. 22 - Reproductive Systems
Review of Mitosis and Meiosis
Male Reproduction I: Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
Male Reproduction II: Spermatogenesis and Spermiogenesis
Female Reproduction I: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
Female Reproduction II: Oogenesis and Folliculogenesis
Female Reproduction III: The Menstrual Cycle
Scrotum and Testes Anatomy
Male Reproductive Ducts
Male Accessory Glands
Penis Anatomy
Ovaries Anatomy
Uterine Tube Anatomy
Uterus Anatomy
Vagina Anatomy
External Female Genitalia
Mammary Glands Anatomy
Ch. 23 - Pregnancy, Growth, and Development
Sex Determination and Differentiation-- Boy or Girl?
Making Babies I: The Sexual Response and Sexual Intercourse
Making Babies II: Fertilization
Making Babies III: Early Development and Implantation
Making Babies IV: Labor and Delivery (Parturition)
Making Babies V: Lactation-- Feeding the Baby
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