Clutch Prep is now a part of Pearson
Ch. 5 - ChiralityWorksheetSee all chapters
All Chapters
Ch. 1 - A Review of General Chemistry
Ch. 2 - Molecular Representations
Ch. 3 - Acids and Bases
Ch. 4 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Ch. 5 - Chirality
Ch. 6 - Thermodynamics and Kinetics
Ch. 7 - Substitution Reactions
Ch. 8 - Elimination Reactions
Ch. 9 - Alkenes and Alkynes
Ch. 10 - Addition Reactions
Ch. 11 - Radical Reactions
Ch. 12 - Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols
Ch. 13 - Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds
Ch. 14 - Synthetic Techniques
Ch. 15 - Analytical Techniques: IR, NMR, Mass Spect
Ch. 16 - Conjugated Systems
Ch. 17 - Aromaticity
Ch. 18 - Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond
Ch. 19 - Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition
Ch. 20 - Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS
Ch. 21 - Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon
Ch. 22 - Condensation Chemistry
Ch. 23 - Amines
Ch. 24 - Carbohydrates
Ch. 25 - Phenols
Ch. 26 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Ch. 26 - Transition Metals
Sections
Constitutional Isomers vs. Stereoisomers
Chirality
Test 1: Plane of Symmetry
Test 2: Stereocenter Test
R and S Configuration
Enantiomers vs. Diastereomers
Atropisomers
Meso Compound
Test 3: Disubstituted Cycloalkanes
What is the Relationship Between Isomers?
Fischer Projection
R and S of Fischer Projections
Optical Activity
Enantiomeric Excess
Calculations with Enantiomeric Percentages
Non-Carbon Chiral Centers
Additional Guides
Racemic Mixture
Achiral

One of the special features of chiral molecules is that they are able to rotate plane-polarized light. Unfortunately, this means that now professors have an excuse to ask you math problems. Let’s see how this works. 

The Concept of Optical Activity

Concept #1: Specific rotation vs. observed rotation.  

  • Clockwise rotation = dextrorotary (d) or (+)
  • Counterclockwise rotation = levororatory (l) or (-)

These random names/signs have nothing to do with the chirality of a molecule!