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Markovnikov | 5 mins | 0 completed | Learn |
Hydrohalogenation | 7 mins | 0 completed | Learn Summary |
Acid-Catalyzed Hydration | 17 mins | 0 completed | Learn Summary |
Oxymercuration | 20 mins | 0 completed | Learn Summary |
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Ozonolysis | 7 mins | 0 completed | Learn Summary |
Ozonolysis Full Mechanism | 25 mins | 0 completed | Learn |
Oxidative Cleavage | 8 mins | 0 completed | Learn Summary |
Alkyne Oxidative Cleavage | 6 mins | 0 completed | Learn Summary |
Alkyne Hydrohalogenation | 3 mins | 0 completed | Learn Summary |
Alkyne Halogenation | 2 mins | 0 completed | Learn Summary |
Alkyne Hydration | 6 mins | 0 completed | Learn Summary |
Alkyne Hydroboration | 3 mins | 0 completed | Learn Summary |
In general, triple bonds are easier to cleave than double bonds. This means that we can use a variety of oxidizing agents to achieve cleavage, including potassium permanganate (heat is not required) or ozone.
Concept #1: General features of alkyne cleavage.
Transcript
Triple bonds can be cleaved in much the same way that double bonds were and it turns out that we're going to use really the same exact reagents for these kinds of reactions. So what I want to talk about here is the way here is the way that triple bonds react to strong oxidizing agents that wind up breaking those triple bonds. We're going to call this cleavage of alkynes.
So when you have a cleavage of an alkyne what that means is that you're basically taking that alkyne and you're splitting it in two. I'm going to use the analogy of scissors. So you're taking these scissors and you're just cutting it right down the middle of that triple bond.
The way that we tell what the two products are going to look like because it's going to split one thing into two is that we look at how many carbons are on each side. In this case, for this specific triple bond, I would have three carbons on one side, one carbon on the other. So I can expect that my two products are going to be the same thing where I get a three-carbon chain on one side and a one-carbon, single carbon on the other, lone carbon.
Now it turns out that triple bonds are very sensitive to oxidation so what that means is that any strong oxidizing agent will work, both KMnO4 and ozone are going to really produce the same exact reaction. What I'm going to wind up getting is a mixture of carboxylic acids for anything that's above one carbon and carbon dioxide for anything that's a single carbon.
So in this case, as you can see, I had three carbons on one side, so that means I get a carboxylic acid on that one side. For the other one, I just chopped off a single lone carbon, so that one's going to be fully oxidized to CO2, carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide gas. That only happens when you're chopping off one-carbon chains.
So what I want to do – it's really easy, I just wanted to show you guys that so you guys know. What I want to do is this multi-step synthesis practice and I want you guys to try it for yourself. So go ahead and look at this double bond, look at these three reagents and try to figure out what the end product would look like based on what you know about these reagents. And then I'm going to go ahead and give you the answer. So go for it.
Example #1: Predict the product of the following reaction.
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