Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles
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3m
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in this video, we're going to begin our introduction to Eukaryotic organelles, or organs inside of the cells. And so recall from our previous lesson videos that eukaryotic cells contained several membrane bound organelles and so moving forward in our course, we're going to talk about many of these membrane bound organelles. Now it's important to note that both animal and plant cells are you carry, ah, tick. And so that means that they both contain eukaryotic organelles. However, that being said, some of the organelles of animal and plant cells will actually differ from each other. And so that's important to keep in mind and so down below. In our example of eukaryotic organelles, notice that we're showing you our representation of an animal cell over here on the left hand side and our representation of a plant cell over here on the right hand side. And what you'll notice is that the organelles that are in the middle here, our organize that air shared between both animal and plant cells, whereas the organelles that air over here on the far left are on Lee found or associated with animal cells, whereas the organize that are on the far right are on. Lee found an associated with plant cells. Now. It's also important to keep in mind that these are just general representations of animal cells and plant cells. But not all animal cells and plant cells are gonna have all of these organize out organelles. They're just generalized representations. And so when we're talking about the animal cell, we're going to be, uh, focusing on how license homes are one of the characteristic organelles that air on Lee found in animal cells but not found in plant cells. And when we're talking about plant cells, we're gonna talk about how chloroplasts and cell walls are characteristic of Onley plant cells, but not so much in animal cells. Whereas here in the middle, once again, we have organized that are common to both animal and plant cells and moving forward in our course. We're gonna talk a lot more about each of these organelles that air here. So, for example, the mitochondria which were representing like this are found in both animal and plant cells. The cell membrane are found in both animal and plant cells. Remember, all cells have a cell membrane, not just eukaryotic cells, but also pro carry attic cells to that we're not talking about here. Uh, they both have a rough e r or rough end a plasma Ridiculous as well as a smooth and a plasma. Ridiculous. Um uh, that we're showing you here. They both also have structures that we call ribosomes, which are these tiny little blue dots that we're showing you. They both have a Golgi apparatus, and they both are going to have paroxysms like what we see here. And so once again, we're gonna be talking about each of these organelles and their own separate videos moving forward. So this is just basically, uh, for you. Thio used to figure out what it is that we're gonna be talking about moving forward. So this year concludes our brief introduction to Eukaryotic organelles and once again, moving forward in our course. We're gonna talk a lot more about each of these organelles, so I'll see you all in our next video
2
concept
Eukaryotic Ribosomes
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5m
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In this video we're going to talk about eukaryotic ribosomes and so sometimes ribosomes are considered organelles. However, they are referred to as non membrane Isse organelles because they are not made up of membranes. And so ribosomes can either be free ribosomes or in other words, floating around in the cytoplasm or the ribosomes can be attached ribosomes where they will be attached to another organ. L. For example, the rough end, a plasmid articulable or the rough E. R. For short. Now you carry attic ribosomes are different than pro carry attic ribosomes. Instead of having a 70 S ribosomes, like what pro cariocas have. Eukaryotes have an 80 S. Ribosomes that is larger and it has larger ribbon symbol. Sub units as well. It has a large 60 s. ribs almost up unit. Instead of having a large 50 s. Right is almost up unit like what pro carriers have. And it has a small 40 S. Rivals, almost subunit which is larger than the small rivers. Almost subunit of pro Kerasiotes, which is 30 S rivals almost a beauty. Now each of these ribs almost sub units is actually going to contain ribosomes. RNA. The large ribosome subunit and eukaryotic ribosomes has three ribs normal R. N. S. Which are the 28 S. The 5.8 S. And the five S. Ribosomes, all our NHS And the small rivers almost sub unit. And you curios is an 18 s. rebels, normal RNA. And once again recall that the S. Is the unit for Svedberg units which is representing the sedimentation coefficient. And it's really just describing the size uh in its most simplistic state, you could just think of it as the size of the sub unit. And so over here, what we have is an image representing the eukaryotic ribosomes structure. And so once again you carry out have an 80 s. ribs. Um and so this entire circular blue structure that you see right here is representing the entire structure of the eukaryotic ribosome. And so notice that the eukaryotic ribosome has two subunits ribosomes sub units. It has this large ribosomes sub unit and it has the small ribosome subunit down below the large rivers, almost sub unit. And eukaryotes is a 60 S. Large rivers, almost sub unit, And the small rivers almost sub unit. And you carry out is a 40 s. Small rivers, almost sub unit. Now, once again the large rib is almost up, you know? And the small ribosome subunit both contain ribosomes are NHS, which are represented by these little yellow strands that you see throughout. And so the large ribosome subunit has three ribosomes RNA. Is which again are the 28 s. The 5.8 S. And the five S. Ribosomes are NHS and those are grouped based on their size. And so the largest one here would be the 28 S ribosomes RNA. The next largest would be the 5.8 S ribosomes are in A. And then the smallest ribbons on the RNA. Over here would be the five S. Refusal RNA. And in the small ribs almost sub unit. There is one ribosomes, all RNA, which is the 18 S ribosomes RNA as we indicated up above. And so when the large ripe is almost subunit. The 60 s. Large drivers, almost subunit. And the 40th small ride is almost subunit. Come together And complex together. That's when they form the 80 s ribosomes, which is a completely intact uh ribosomes. Eukaryotic ribosomes. Now notice that in red box in this area right here we have these three regions which is representing the active site of the ribosome where they will create proteins. And we'll get to talk more about this particular active site in those three compartments. When we talk about protein synthesis and translation later in our course in a different video. But for now this is the eukaryotic ribosome structure. Now over here on the ray, what we're showing you is our eukaryotic cell. And we're zooming into this particular region to show you how this blue structure that you see here is representing the rough end, a plasma critical um or the rough E. R. And there are ribosomes attached to the rough and a plastic articulate. And so all of these blue little dots that you see on the rough end, a plasma articulate. Over here all of these little dots represent ribosomes that are attached to the rough end a plasma particularly, but notice that there are also some free ribosomes up above here that are free floating in the cytoplasm. And this is the idea that we were mentioning right here in this line of text. And so this here concludes our brief introduction to eukaryotic ribosomes, and we'll be able to get some practice applying these concepts as we move forward in our course. So I'll see you all in our next video.
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Problem
Problem
What biomolecule does a ribosome synthesize in all types of cells?
A
Lipids.
B
Carbohydrates.
C
Nucleic Acids.
D
Proteins.
E
Amino Acids.
4
concept
Map of the Lesson on Eukaryotic Organelles
Video duration:
2m
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and this video, I'm going to introduce our map of the lesson on eukaryotic organelles, which is down below right here. And so this is actually a map of our lesson moving forward in our course. And so that means that you can use this image like a map and you can actually use it to make predictions about what direction we're going to head into moving forward with our videos. And so let me explain to you how this map works. It works starting at the top here. So we have eukaryotic cell organelles at the very, very top and then moving forward through our lesson. We're going to be exploring the left most branches first. And then once we've explored the left, most branches will start to explore the right branches. So, for example, we're gonna start here at Eukaryotic Cell Organelles. Then we're going to explore the left most branches first, so we'll talk about the Endo member in system. Then we'll talk about the components that are part of protein secretion, which include the nucleus, the end of plasma. Ridiculous um, the rough er and smooth er, the Golgi apparatus and the cell membrane. And then once we've explored the left most branches, what we're gonna do is we're gonna zoom out and start to explore the right branches, which includes cellular digestion. Listen, Soames paroxysms and HVAC you ALS. And then once we've explored all of these branches over here on the left, we're going to zoom back out and start to explore the new branch over here, energy related organelles, and then talk about the mitochondria and chloroplasts. And then once we've covered these, we're going to move on to the next branch and talk about the site. Oh, skeleton, which includes micro filaments, intermediate filaments of micro tubules on has a lot of resemblance to actual skeletons, which is why we've got this little skeleton here and then once we've covered the site of skeleton components, last but not least, we'll move on to the cell junctions. At the end, tight junctions, anchoring junctions, gap junctions and plasma does Mata. And so this is basically the way that we're going to cover videos moving forward in our course in that fashion, exploring the left most branches first. And so what this means is that you should be referring back to this map as we move forward in our course s so that you can know exactly what direction we're headed in and how much is left within our lesson. And so keeping that in mind, of course, we're going to start off by exploring the left most branches first. So we're gonna talk about the endo membrane system in our next lesson video, and so I'll see you all there.
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Problem
Problem
Using the map above, which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?
A
Intermediate filaments.
B
Microtubules.
C
Tight junctions.
D
Microfilaments.
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Problem
Problem
Using the map above, what two organelles produce cellular energy in eukaryotic cells?
A
Mitochondria and Golgi Apparatus.
B
Chloroplast and Nucleus.
C
Lysosomes and Rough ER.
D
Chloroplast and Smooth ER.
E
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts.
F
Microtubules and Chloroplasts.
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Problem
Problem
Which of the following is NOT part of the Eukaryotic endomembrane system?
A
Mitochondria
B
Cell membrane
C
Golgi Apparatus
D
Lysosomes
E
All are part of the endomembrane system
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