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Table of contents

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1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

11. Translation

Transfer RNA

11. Translation

Transfer RNA - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems

Previous Topic: The Genetic Code

Next Topic: Ribosomal Structure

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1

concept

tRNA

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Hi in this video we're gonna be talking about transfer RNA. So transfer RNA, which is shorthand is T. R. N. A. And this is responsible for translating a code on. So those three nucleotides into a single amino acid. So this is the adapter so to speak of between the code in itself and the amino acid. So the structure of a TR N. A. On it is it kind of looks like a cloverleaf. Some people say it's an L. Shape. Um but essentially it has two main regions that you need to know about. The first is an anti code on and this is actually a sequence. Um So it's an RNA sequence because T RNA is made up of RNA which makes sense. So it's an RNA sequence and this RNA sequences complementary to the code on in which it um translates. So if the code on is A C. C. Then the anti code on would be what it would be you because we're working with our N. A G G. So this would be on the T. R N. A. If it attaches the amino acid to this code on then on the other side of the T RNA, it has an amino acid attachment site. This is where the amino acid attaches so that it can be transferred during the translation process. Now T RNA doesn't exist with just amino acids on it. T RNA is just an RNA. So there has to be an enzyme that actually adds the amino acids onto it. And so that is called an amino acid L. T. RNA synthetic and this is the enzyme that attaches amino acids onto T. RNA is now there are 20 different amino asshole T RNA synthesis synthesis one for every single amino acid. So this not one enzyme that does all of them, there's 20 of them, one for each amino acid. And when we have a T. RNA that has an amino acid attached onto it, we call that T. R. N. A charged so charged T. RNA has amino acid on. So this is what um T RNA looks like. This is going back up. This is why people say it looks like a clover leaf and this is why people say it looks like an L. You can say whatever you want to but this is entirely RNA. So the anti code in region is here in gray. You can see it here and so this is the anti coat on and the amino acid binding site is here in this like gold ish yellow color. So that's where the amino acid binds onto. And so understanding TR days and how they work super important to understanding translation. So with that let's not move on.

2

Problem

Problem

Which of the following structures is not a part of a transfer RNA?

A

Anticodon

B

Amino acid attachment site

C

Codon

D

Clover leaf structure

3

Problem

Problem

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for attaching amino acids onto the tRNA?

A

tRNA attachases

B

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

C

Aminoacyl-tRNA attachases

D

tRNA lysases

Do you want more practice?

We have more practice problems on Transfer RNA

Previous Topic: The Genetic Code

Next Topic: Ribosomal Structure

Additional resources for Transfer RNA

PRACTICE PROBLEMS AND ACTIVITIES (17)

In this chapter, we focused on the translation of mRNA into proteins as well as on protein structure and funct...
Francis Crick proposed the 'adaptor hypothesis' for the function of tRNA. Why did he choose that description?
Describe three features of tRNA molecules that lead to their correct charging by tRNA synthetase enzymes.
Identify the amino acid carried by tRNAs with the following anticodon sequences.5′-GAU-3′
Identify the amino acid carried by tRNAs with the following anticodon sequences.5′-AUG-3′
Identify the amino acid carried by tRNAs with the following anticodon sequences.5′-CUC-3′
Identify the amino acid carried by tRNAs with the following anticodon sequences.5′-AAA-3′
Identify the amino acid carried by tRNAs with the following anticodon sequences.5′-UAG-3′
Summarize the steps involved in charging tRNAs with their appropriate amino acids.
For each of the anticodon sequences given in the previous problem, identify the other codon sequence to which ...
To carry out its role, each transfer RNA requires at least four specific recognition sites that must be inhere...
What are isoaccepting tRNAs? Assuming that there are only 20 different aminoacyl tRNA synthetases but 31 diffe...
Consider translation of the following mRNA sequence: 5′-...AUGCAGAUCCAUGCCUAUUGA...-3′ What events occur to pe...
Consider translation of the following mRNA sequence: 5′-...AUGCAGAUCCAUGCCUAUUGA...-3′ What is the anticodon t...
Consider translation of the following mRNA sequence:5′-...AUGCAGAUCCAUGCCUAUUGA...-3′Diagram translation at th...
Describe the roles and relationships between tRNA anticodon sequences and mRNA codon sequences
Describe the roles and relationships between tRNA synthetases and tRNA molecules

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