Principles of Modern Chemistry Oxtoby • 8th Edition • 978-1305079113

Ch.1 - The Atom in Modern Chemistry

Classification of Matter Scientific Notation SI Units Metric Prefixes Significant Figures Significant Figures: Precision in Measurements Significant Figures: In Calculations Temperature Physical & Chemical Changes Physical Properties Chemical Properties Intensive vs. Extensive Properties Conversion Factors Dimensional Analysis Density Density of Geometric Objects Density of Non-Geometric Objects The Atom Subatomic Particles Isotopes Ions Atomic Mass Periodic Table: Classifications Periodic Table: Group Names Periodic Table: Representative Elements & Transition Metals Periodic Table: Element Symbols Periodic Table: Elemental Forms Periodic Table: Phases Periodic Table: Charges Calculating Molar Mass Law of Conservation of Mass Law of Definite Proportions Atomic Theory Law of Multiple Proportions Millikan Oil Drop Experiment Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment

Ch.2 - Chemical Formulas, Equations, and Reaction Yields

Mole Concept Empirical Formula Molecular Formula Combustion Analysis Combustion Apparatus Polyatomic Ions Naming Ionic Compounds Writing Ionic Compounds Naming Ionic Hydrates Naming Acids Naming Molecular Compounds Mass Percent Balancing Chemical Equations Functional Groups in Chemistry Stoichiometry Limiting Reagent Percent Yield Solutions Molarity Osmolarity Dilutions Solubility Rules Molecular Equations Gas Evolution Equations Solution Stoichiometry Complete Ionic Equations

Ch.3 - Atomic Shells and Classical Models of Chemical Bonding

Lewis Dot Symbols Chemical Bonds Dipole Moment Octet Rule Formal Charge Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds Lewis Dot Structures: Sigma & Pi Bonds Lewis Dot Structures: Ions Lewis Dot Structures: Exceptions Lewis Dot Structures: Acids Resonance Structures Average Bond Order Bond Energy Lattice Energy Born Haber Cycle

BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures

Laboratory Materials Experimental Error Distillation & Floatation Chromatography Filtration and Evaporation Extraction Test for Ions and Gases

BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions

Multiplication and Division Operations Addition and Subtraction Operations Power and Root Functions Power and Root Functions The Quadratic Formula

Ch.4 - Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

Wavelength and Frequency Speed of Light The Energy of Light Electromagnetic Spectrum Photoelectric Effect De Broglie Wavelength Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Bohr Model Emission Spectrum Bohr Equation Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Quantum Numbers: Principal Quantum Number Quantum Numbers: Angular Momentum Quantum Number Quantum Numbers: Magnetic Quantum Number Quantum Numbers: Spin Quantum Number Quantum Numbers: Number of Electrons Quantum Numbers: Nodes

Ch.5 - Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Structure

The Electron Configuration The Electron Configuration: Condensed The Electron Configurations: Exceptions The Electron Configuration: Ions Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism The Electron Configuration: Quantum Numbers Valence Electrons of Elements Periodic Trend: Metallic Character Periodic Trend: Atomic Radius Periodic Trend: Ionic Radius Periodic Trend: Ionization Energy Periodic Trend: Successive Ionization Energies Periodic Trend: Electron Affinity Periodic Trend: Electronegativity

Ch.6 - Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Structure

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory Equatorial and Axial Positions Electron Geometry Molecular Geometry Bond Angles Hybridization Molecular Orbital Theory MO Theory: Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules MO Theory: Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules MO Theory: Bond Order

BONUS: Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Hydrogen Atom Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Reactions Periodic Trends and Diagonal Relationships Boron Family Carbon Family DRAFT Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halogens

Ch.7 - Bonding in Organic Molecules

Introduction to Organic Chemistry Structural Formula Chirality Optical Isomers Hydrocarbon The Alkyl Group Naming Alkanes Naming Alkenes Naming Alkynes Alkane Reactions Alkenes and Alkynes Benzene Reactions Functional Groups Alcohol Reactions Carboxylic Acid Derivative Reactions

Ch.8 - Bonding in Transition Metal Compounds & Coordination Compounds

Transition Metals Transition Metals Properties Coordination Complexes Naming Coordination Compounds Coordination Isomers

Ch.9 - The Gaseous State

Pressure Units The Ideal Gas Law The Ideal Gas Law Derivations The Ideal Gas Law Applications Chemistry Gas Laws Chemistry Gas Laws: Combined Gas Law Mole Fraction Partial Pressure The Ideal Gas Law: Molar Mass The Ideal Gas Law: Density Gas Stoichiometry Standard Temperature and Pressure Effusion Root Mean Square Speed Kinetic Energy of Gases Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Velocity Distributions Kinetic Molecular Theory Van der Waals Equation

Ch.10 - Solids, Liquids and Phase Transitions

Molecular Polarity Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties Clausius-Clapeyron Equation Phase Diagrams Heating and Cooling Curves Atomic, Ionic, and Molecular Solids Crystalline Solids Simple Cubic Unit Cell Body Centered Cubic Unit Cell Face Centered Cubic Unit Cell

Ch.11 - Solutions

Solutions: Solubility and Intermolecular Forces Molality Parts per Million (ppm) Mole Fraction Solutions: Mass Percent Types of Aqueous Solutions Intro to Henry's Law Henry's Law Calculations Electrolytes Calculate Oxidation Numbers Redox Reactions Balancing Redox Reactions: Acidic Solutions Balancing Redox Reactions: Basic Solutions Activity Series The Colligative Properties Boiling Point Elevation Freezing Point Depression Osmosis Osmotic Pressure Vapor Pressure Lowering (Raoult's Law)

Ch.12 - Thermodynamic Processes and Thermochemistry

Nature of Energy Kinetic & Potential Energy First Law of Thermodynamics Internal Energy Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions Heat Capacity Constant-Pressure Calorimetry Constant-Volume Calorimetry Thermal Equilibrium Formation Equations Enthalpy of Formation Hess's Law

Ch.13 - Spontaneous Processes and Thermodynamic Equilibrium

Spontaneous vs Nonspontaneous Reactions Entropy Entropy Calculations Entropy Calculations: Phase Changes Third Law of Thermodynamics Gibbs Free Energy Gibbs Free Energy Calculations Gibbs Free Energy And Equilibrium

Ch.14 - Chemical Equilibrium

Intro to Chemical Equilibrium Equilibrium Constant (K) Equilibrium Constant Calculations Kp and Kc Using Hess's Law To Determine K Calculating K For Overall Reaction Le Chatelier's Principle ICE Charts Reaction Quotient

Ch.15 - Acid-Base Equilibria

Conjugate Acids and Bases Acids Introduction Bases Introduction Binary Acids Oxyacids Bases Amphoteric Species Arrhenius Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Lewis Acids and Bases The pH Scale Auto-Ionization Ka and Kb pH of Strong Acids and Bases Ionic Salts pH of Weak Acids pH of Weak Bases Diprotic Acids and Bases Diprotic Acids and Bases Calculations Triprotic Acids and Bases Triprotic Acids and Bases Calculations Intro to Buffers Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Intro to Acid-Base Titration Curves Strong Titrate-Strong Titrant Curves Weak Titrate-Strong Titrant Curves Acid-Base Indicators Titrations: Weak Acid-Strong Base Titrations: Weak Base-Strong Acid Titrations: Strong Acid-Strong Base Titrations: Diprotic & Polyprotic Buffers

Ch.16 - Solubility and Precipitation Equilibria

Solubility Product Constant: Ksp Ksp: Common Ion Effect Precipitation: Ksp vs Q Selective Precipitation Complex Ions: Formation Constant

Ch.17 - Electrochemistry

Standard Reduction Potentials Intro to Electrochemical Cells Galvanic Cell Electrolytic Cell Cell Potential: Standard Cell Potential: The Nernst Equation Cell Potential and Gibbs Free Energy Cell Potential and Equilibrium Cell Potential: G and K Cell Notation Electroplating

Ch.18 - Chemical Kinetics

Intro to Chemical Kinetics Energy Diagrams Catalyst Factors Influencing Rates Average Rate of Reaction Stoichiometric Rate Calculations Instantaneous Rate Collision Theory Arrhenius Equation Rate Law Reaction Mechanism Integrated Rate Law Half-Life

Ch.19 - Nuclear Chemistry

Radioactive Decay Band of Stability First Order Half Life Magic Numbers