Chemistry - Atoms First - 2e OpenStax - Atoms First • 2nd Edition •

Ch.1 - Essential Ideas

Classification of Matter Physical & Chemical Changes Chemical Properties Physical Properties Intensive vs. Extensive Properties Scientific Notation SI Units Metric Prefixes Significant Figures Significant Figures: Precision in Measurements Significant Figures: In Calculations Conversion Factors Dimensional Analysis Temperature Density Density of Geometric Objects Density of Non-Geometric Objects

Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Law of Conservation of Mass Law of Definite Proportions Atomic Theory Law of Multiple Proportions Millikan Oil Drop Experiment Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment The Atom Subatomic Particles Isotopes Ions Atomic Mass Calculating Molar Mass Mole Concept

Ch.3 - Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements

Wavelength and Frequency Speed of Light The Energy of Light Electromagnetic Spectrum Photoelectric Effect Bohr Model Emission Spectrum Bohr Equation De Broglie Wavelength Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Quantum Numbers: Principal Quantum Number Quantum Numbers: Angular Momentum Quantum Number Quantum Numbers: Magnetic Quantum Number Quantum Numbers: Spin Quantum Number Quantum Numbers: Number of Electrons Quantum Numbers: Nodes The Electron Configuration The Electron Configuration: Condensed The Electron Configurations: Exceptions The Electron Configuration: Ions The Electron Configuration: Quantum Numbers Valence Electrons of Elements Periodic Trend: Effective Nuclear Charge Periodic Trend: Atomic Radius Periodic Trend: Ionic Radius Periodic Trend: Ionization Energy Periodic Trend: Successive Ionization Energies Periodic Trend: Electron Affinity Periodic Table: Classifications Periodic Table: Group Names Periodic Table: Representative Elements & Transition Metals Periodic Table: Element Symbols Periodic Table: Elemental Forms Periodic Table: Phases Periodic Table: Charges Polyatomic Ions

BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures

Laboratory Materials Experimental Error Distillation & Floatation Chromatography Filtration and Evaporation Extraction Test for Ions and Gases

BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions

Multiplication and Division Operations Addition and Subtraction Operations Power and Root Functions Power and Root Functions The Quadratic Formula

Ch.4 - Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry

Chemical Bonds Dipole Moment Naming Ionic Compounds Writing Ionic Compounds Naming Ionic Hydrates Naming Molecular Compounds Naming Acids Lewis Dot Symbols Octet Rule Formal Charge Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds Lewis Dot Structures: Sigma & Pi Bonds Lewis Dot Structures: Ions Lewis Dot Structures: Exceptions Lewis Dot Structures: Acids Resonance Structures Average Bond Order Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory Equatorial and Axial Positions Electron Geometry Molecular Geometry Bond Angles Molecular Polarity

Ch.5 - Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding

Molecular Geometry Hybridization Molecular Orbital Theory Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism MO Theory: Bond Order MO Theory: Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules MO Theory: Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules

Ch.6 - Composition of Substances and Solutions

Mass Percent Empirical Formula Molecular Formula Combustion Analysis Combustion Apparatus Solutions Molarity Osmolarity Dilutions

Ch.7 - Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions

Balancing Chemical Equations Stoichiometry Limiting Reagent Percent Yield Solution Stoichiometry Solubility Rules Electrolytes Molecular Equations Gas Evolution Equations Complete Ionic Equations Calculate Oxidation Numbers Redox Reactions Balancing Redox Reactions: Acidic Solutions Balancing Redox Reactions: Basic Solutions Activity Series

Ch.8 - Gases

Pressure Units The Ideal Gas Law The Ideal Gas Law Derivations The Ideal Gas Law Applications Chemistry Gas Laws Chemistry Gas Laws: Combined Gas Law Standard Temperature and Pressure The Ideal Gas Law: Molar Mass The Ideal Gas Law: Density Mole Fraction Partial Pressure Gas Stoichiometry Effusion Kinetic Molecular Theory Root Mean Square Speed Kinetic Energy of Gases Van der Waals Equation

Ch.9 - Thermochemistry

Nature of Energy Kinetic & Potential Energy First Law of Thermodynamics Internal Energy Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions Heat Capacity Constant-Pressure Calorimetry Constant-Volume Calorimetry Thermal Equilibrium Formation Equations Enthalpy of Formation Hess's Law Bond Energy Lattice Energy Born Haber Cycle

Ch.10 - Liquids and Solids

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties Phase Diagrams Heating and Cooling Curves Atomic, Ionic, and Molecular Solids Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

Ch.11 - Solutions and Colloids

Solutions: Solubility and Intermolecular Forces Molality Parts per Million (ppm) Mole Fraction Solutions: Mass Percent Types of Aqueous Solutions Intro to Henry's Law Henry's Law Calculations The Colligative Properties Boiling Point Elevation Freezing Point Depression Osmosis Osmotic Pressure Vapor Pressure Lowering (Raoult's Law)

Ch.12 - Thermodynamics

Spontaneous vs Nonspontaneous Reactions Entropy Entropy Calculations Entropy Calculations: Phase Changes Third Law of Thermodynamics Gibbs Free Energy Gibbs Free Energy Calculations Gibbs Free Energy And Equilibrium

Ch.13 - Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts

Intro to Chemical Equilibrium Equilibrium Constant (K) Equilibrium Constant Calculations Kp and Kc Using Hess's Law To Determine K Calculating K For Overall Reaction Le Chatelier's Principle ICE Charts Reaction Quotient

Ch.14 - Acid-Base Equilibria

Conjugate Acids and Bases Acids Introduction Bases Introduction Binary Acids Oxyacids Bases Amphoteric Species Arrhenius Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Lewis Acids and Bases The pH Scale Auto-Ionization Ka and Kb pH of Strong Acids and Bases Ionic Salts pH of Weak Acids pH of Weak Bases Diprotic Acids and Bases Diprotic Acids and Bases Calculations Triprotic Acids and Bases Triprotic Acids and Bases Calculations Intro to Buffers Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Intro to Acid-Base Titration Curves Strong Titrate-Strong Titrant Curves Weak Titrate-Strong Titrant Curves Acid-Base Indicators Titrations: Strong Acid-Strong Base

Ch.15 - Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes

Titrations: Weak Acid-Strong Base Titrations: Weak Base-Strong Acid Solubility Product Constant: Ksp Ksp: Common Ion Effect Precipitation: Ksp vs Q Selective Precipitation Complex Ions: Formation Constant

Ch.16 - Electrochemistry

Standard Reduction Potentials Intro to Electrochemical Cells Galvanic Cell Electrolytic Cell Cell Potential: Standard Cell Potential: The Nernst Equation Cell Potential and Gibbs Free Energy Cell Potential and Equilibrium Cell Potential: G and K Cell Notation Electroplating

Ch.17 - Kinetics

Intro to Chemical Kinetics Average Rate of Reaction Instantaneous Rate Arrhenius Equation Energy Diagrams Catalyst Reaction Mechanism Rate Law Integrated Rate Law Collision Theory

Ch.18 - Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals

Hydrogen Atom Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Reactions Periodic Trends and Diagonal Relationships Boron Family Carbon Family DRAFT Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halogens

Ch.19 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry

Transition Metals Transition Metals Properties Coordination Complexes Naming Coordination Compounds Coordination Isomers

Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry

Radioactive Decay Band of Stability First Order Half Life Magic Numbers

Ch.21 - Organic Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry Structural Formula Chirality Optical Isomers Hydrocarbon The Alkyl Group Naming Alkanes Naming Alkenes Naming Alkynes Alkane Reactions Alkenes and Alkynes Benzene Reactions Functional Groups Alcohol Reactions Carboxylic Acid Derivative Reactions