Structure & Properties Penn State • 1st Edition •

Ch. 0 - The Fundamentals

Classification of Matter Physical & Chemical Changes Chemical Properties Physical Properties Intensive vs. Extensive Properties Temperature Scientific Notation SI Units Metric Prefixes Significant Figures Significant Figures: Precision in Measurements Significant Figures: In Calculations Conversion Factors Dimensional Analysis Density Density of Geometric Objects Density of Non-Geometric Objects

Ch.1 - Introduction to Atomic Structure

The Atom Subatomic Particles Isotopes Ions Atomic Mass Periodic Table: Classifications Periodic Table: Group Names Periodic Table: Representative Elements & Transition Metals Periodic Table: Element Symbols Periodic Table: Elemental Forms Periodic Table: Phases Periodic Table: Charges Calculating Molar Mass Mole Concept Law of Conservation of Mass Law of Definite Proportions Atomic Theory Law of Multiple Proportions Millikan Oil Drop Experiment Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment

Ch.2 - Line Spectra & Bohr Model

Wavelength and Frequency Speed of Light The Energy of Light Electromagnetic Spectrum Photoelectric Effect De Broglie Wavelength Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Bohr Model Emission Spectrum Bohr Equation Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Quantum Numbers: Principal Quantum Number Quantum Numbers: Angular Momentum Quantum Number Quantum Numbers: Magnetic Quantum Number Quantum Numbers: Spin Quantum Number Quantum Numbers: Number of Electrons Quantum Numbers: Nodes

Ch. 3 - Electron Configuration

The Electron Configuration The Electron Configuration: Condensed The Electron Configurations: Exceptions The Electron Configuration: Ions Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism The Electron Configuration: Quantum Numbers Valence Electrons of Elements

Ch.4 - Periodic Properties

Periodic Trend: Metallic Character Periodic Trend: Atomic Radius Periodic Trend: Ionic Radius Periodic Trend: Ionization Energy Periodic Trend: Successive Ionization Energies Periodic Trend: Electron Affinity Periodic Trend: Electronegativity Periodic Trend: Effective Nuclear Charge Periodic Trend: Cumulative

Ch.5 - Intro to Molecules

Empirical Formula Molecular Formula Combustion Analysis Combustion Apparatus Polyatomic Ions Naming Ionic Compounds Writing Ionic Compounds Naming Ionic Hydrates Naming Acids Naming Molecular Compounds Balancing Chemical Equations Stoichiometry Limiting Reagent Percent Yield Mass Percent

Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds, Covalent Compounds & Bond Polarity

Lewis Dot Symbols Chemical Bonds Dipole Moment Lattice Energy Born Haber Cycle

Ch.7 - Lewis Structures

Octet Rule Formal Charge Lewis Dot Structures: Neutral Compounds Lewis Dot Structures: Sigma & Pi Bonds Lewis Dot Structures: Ions Lewis Dot Structures: Exceptions Lewis Dot Structures: Acids Resonance Structures Average Bond Order Bond Energy Coulomb's Law

Ch.8 - Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

Equatorial and Axial Positions Electron Geometry Molecular Geometry Bond Angles Molecular Orbital Theory MO Theory: Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules MO Theory: Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules MO Theory: Bond Order Molecular Polarity

Ch.9 - Hybridization

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory Hybridization

Ch.10 - Organic Molecules

Hydrocarbon The Alkyl Group Functional Groups

Ch.11 - Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

Ch.12 - Gases

Pressure Units The Ideal Gas Law The Ideal Gas Law Derivations The Ideal Gas Law Applications Chemistry Gas Laws Chemistry Gas Laws: Combined Gas Law Mole Fraction Partial Pressure The Ideal Gas Law: Molar Mass The Ideal Gas Law: Density Gas Stoichiometry Standard Temperature and Pressure Effusion Root Mean Square Speed Kinetic Energy of Gases Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Velocity Distributions Kinetic Molecular Theory Van der Waals Equation

Ch.13- Phases of Matter

Phase Diagrams Heating and Cooling Curves Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

Ch.14 - Solutions

Solutions Molarity Osmolarity Dilutions Solubility Rules Electrolytes Molecular Equations Gas Evolution Equations Solution Stoichiometry Complete Ionic Equations Solutions: Solubility and Intermolecular Forces Molality Solutions: Mass Percent Mole Fraction Intro to Henry's Law Parts per Million (ppm)

Ch.15 - Chemical Reactions, Redox Reactions & Stoichiometry

Calculate Oxidation Numbers Redox Reactions Balancing Redox Reactions: Acidic Solutions Balancing Redox Reactions: Basic Solutions Activity Series

Ch.16 - Thermochemistry

Nature of Energy Kinetic & Potential Energy First Law of Thermodynamics Internal Energy Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions Heat Capacity Constant-Pressure Calorimetry Constant-Volume Calorimetry Thermal Equilibrium Thermochemical Equations Formation Equations Enthalpy of Formation Hess's Law