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Ch.6 - Chemical EquilibriumWorksheetSee all chapters
All Chapters
Ch.1 - Chemical Measurements
Ch.2 - Tools of the Trade
Ch.3 - Experimental Error
Ch.4 + 5 - Statistics, Quality Assurance and Calibration Methods
Ch.6 - Chemical Equilibrium
Ch.7 - Activity and the Systematic Treatment of Equilibrium
Ch.8 - Monoprotic Acid-Base Equilibria
Ch.9 - Polyprotic Acid-Base Equilibria
Ch.10 - Acid-Base Titrations
Ch.11 - EDTA Titrations
Ch.12 - Advanced Topics in Equilibrium
Ch.13 - Fundamentals of Electrochemistry
Ch.14 - Electrodes and Potentiometry
Ch.15 - Redox Titrations
Ch.16 - Electroanalytical Techniques
Ch.17 - Fundamentals of Spectrophotometry
BONUS: Chemical Kinetics
Sections
The Equilibrium State
The Reaction Quotient
Le Chatelier's Principle
Chemical Thermodynamics: Enthalpy
Chemical Thermodynamics: Entropy
Chemical Thermodynamics: Gibbs Free Energy
Solubilty Product Constant
Protic Acids and Bases
The pH Scale
Acid Strength

The pH scale is useful in converting very small concentration values into more manageable numbers. 

pH and pOH

Concept #1: With concentrations less than 1.0 M the pH scale normally ranges from 1 to 14. 

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Example #1: What is the hydroxide ion and hydronium ion concentration of a solution with a pH equal to 5.88?

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pH and pOH Calculations

Example #2: Of the following options, a solution with which pH would have the greatest concentration of hydronium ions?

a) 4

b) 8

c) 11

d) 13

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Example #3: What mass of HBr should a student mix into 250.00 mL of water to make a solution with a pH = 3.850?

a) 0.00286 g
b) 0.0547 g
c) 1.41 x 10-4 g
d) 0.0114 g
e) 2.87g

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Practice: What is the hydronium ion concentration in a solution having a pOH of 3.62?

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